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Take a quick look at the Ethereum Foundation's 2022 Layer2 Community Giving Program winning projects

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Twenty-two projects were selected, covering six themes: community and education, data visualization, cryptography and proof of zero knowledge, data analysis, network security and user experience.

原文标题：《速览以太坊基金会 2022 年 Layer2 社区捐赠计划获奖项目》

Original article by Rodrigo Vasquez

Peng SUN, Foresight News

Layer2 Community Grants 2022 is a grant program funded by the Ethereum Foundation to encourage application development and user education around Layer2. The total funding for this round was revised from $750,000 to $948,000, and projects will be submitted from October 24, 2022 to December 5, 2022. In six weeks, Layer2 Community Grants 2022 received a total of more than 130 applications in a variety of fields, including the Layer2 browser, cryptography and education. The Ethereum Foundation Privacy and Expansion Exploration team recently announced the winners after a jury selection.

In general, the submitted projects can be divided into six categories: community and education, data visualization, cryptography and zero-knowledge proof, data analysis, network security and user experience, as shown in the following figure:

Due to the high quality of the proposal, the Ethereum Foundation increased its budget from an initial $750,000 to $948,000.

Among them, user experience projects accounted for the highest proportion of 36.4%, data analysis projects accounted for 18.2%, cryptography, zero-knowledge proof, data visualization projects accounted for 13.6%, network security, community and education projects accounted for 9.1% :

List of winners:

Twenty-two projects were selected from a large number of applications. Here is a brief overview of the winning projects by category:

Network security

Candidelabs-ERC-4337 Public Infrastructure

This is an open source bundler and paymaster service that serves as the common goods infrastructure for the ERC-4337 smart contract wallet, focusing on Layer2.

Quantstamp - Rollup Security framework

The project will build a detailed security framework for rollups' unique features, hoping to establish a basis of best practices and transparency for these features to help new developers and enable the community to assess security risks before using a particular rollup. Similar to those available for smart contract development and services like L2Beat.com; This is a very high-level rollup security overview. The framework will discuss the concerns and details of Escape Hatch development and operational risks for end users and developers, and establish a consistent language for this and other features.

User experience

Spiro - zkWallet

A multi-party secure wallet (such as Gnosis Secure Multi-Sign) is a proven way to allow multiple users to share control of an account's digital assets and behavior. Unfortunately, the current implementation of multi-party wallets exposes the total number of multi-signed addresses and their associated external account (EOA) privacy. Spiro Wallet aims to build a private multi-party wallet that shields end users by adopting account abstraction (EIP-4337) and zero-knowledge proof.

Kautuk Kundan - Stackr Network

Stackr Network is an SDK for launching a separate customizable rollup of a specific application using familiar Web2-like tools. It focuses on rollup's core principles of running a state machine down a chain and using L1 to store transaction details. This can be done through the common language, which maintains application state down the chain and provides an interface to interact with it, thus acting as a separate L2. It allows a new class of applications to be built that will have more freedom in execution choices.

ScopeLift-L2 optimizer

The Layer2 network shares security with the main network by publishing the transaction call data to Layer1. Thus, Layer2 users pay their share of the mainnet gas cost when executing a transaction. Layer1 gas is more than 25,000 times more expensive than Layer2 gas, so paying for call data is a major cost of L2 transactions. Using custom routing contracts that call data less than the standard approach can significantly reduce the transaction costs of interacting with popular protocols.

Testinprod-Layer1.5

Layer 1.5 makes it possible for anyone to launch their own Layer2 by providing simple tools. For example, block browsers, asset Bridges, monitoring tools, etc.

ScopeLift - Layer2 governance with Flexible Voting

灵活投票是许多 DAO 所使用的流行治理系统的扩展。它允许编写新类型的委托合约，使治理Token持有者更容易参与链上投票。其中一个用例就是本次资助的主题：Layer2 治理投票。跨链桥治理 Token 的持有者可以支付更便宜的 gas 费在 Layer2 上投票。这些投票将以无信任的方式反馈到部署 DAO 治理系统的 L1 上。

Clement Walter - Starksheet

Starksheet aims to democratize access to and use of on-chain resources (data and logic). It uses familiar spreadsheets to help users query and link links to resources. These behaviors are stored on the chain in the form of NFT, which can be queried later from any other DApp or contract.

Kristof Gazso - Typescript ERC-4337 Bundler

The project will include developing an ERC-4337 bundler in Typescript and modifying the Geth node for simulation purposes so that the bundler can run on any directly Geth-compatible chain (including most L2) with only minor modifications. The bundler will also expose the RPC calls defined in the specification and maintain an internal mempool to be future-oriented when developing P2P broadcasting.

Soul Wallet - Open source ERC-4337 wallet

Easy to use browser wallet implementation driven by ERC-4337.

Community and education

Jose Figueroa - L2 en Espaol

L2 en Espaol is an open community designed to research, educate, and drive the adoption of all Ethereum scaling solutions. These solutions focus on developers and new users seeking to stay in sync with these technologies and their utility. L2 en Espaol creates content and conducts different activities, from publications to seminars, free of charge, while supporting innovation in different projects within this space, while maintaining core neutrality.

Bruce Xu - MyFirstLayer2

This will be an open source, community-driven, educational project. This will be a site for people who are curious about Layer2, but have no knowledge of Layer2 or blockchain.

MyFirstLayer2 aims to use well-designed diagrams and interactive animations to help people understand the idea behind Layer2 in just 30 minutes. After that, we'll walk people through some real-world Layer2 applications and let them feel the benefits of Layer2.

Data analysis

Blockscout - Blockscout block browser

Currently, the L2 ecosystem requires an open source block browser. Many L2 projects already use Blockscout and will improve the availability of L2 data specific requirements. In addition, new interfaces, features, analytics, and developer-friendly improvements will help create a more transparent and usable community browser.

Quantstamp - Evaluate Rollup compression

compression is often overlooked when discussing rollup. rollup, by design, needs to provide data to validate state transitions or state roots; However, this method of publication is different and may include compressed data. The compression techniques used also vary. Quantstamp will explore the use of compression technology in the rollup setup. First, Quantstamp will illustrate the scenario using compression and document the possible techniques used. Second, Quantstamp will survey existing rollups to investigate the methods actually used. Third, Quantstamp will evaluate methods proposed or used in similar systems and try to determine why a particular method is used. Finally, Quantstamp will use the feedback collected to propose new methods for compressing rollup data and to ask open questions of the community.

Performance and Safety evaluation of the Diablobench-Layer2 blockchain system

The University of Sydney and EPFL have designed a benchmarking suite to evaluate the security and performance of blockchain systems. The first evaluation compares Layer1 blockchains such as Algorand, Solana and Diem, and will soon be presented at a peer-reviewed international conference (Eurosys). Diablobench is designed to add the Layer2 blockchain system to the Diablo benchmark and use it to conduct the first extensive and realistic benchmark evaluation of the Layer2 blockchain system deployed globally.

Web3-data-Layer2 Activity tracking and comparison suite

Through this project, Web3-data aims to provide a set of high-quality dashboards to help data scientists, researchers and all community members better understand Layer2 activities;

Web3-data will draw on sources such as Dune, L2Beats, Santiment, CoinGecko, Github, Discord and, in many cases, summarize data for the entire Layer2 network directly from the project's API/RPCs.

Web3-data will clean and organize this data to provide a set of dashboards that will allow the community to visually see changes in key L2 metrics (such as tps, rent paid to Ethereum, TVL growth, daily active addresses, new addresses, total addresses, payment fees, And developer events based on submissions from GitHub's affiliated repo).

Web3-data is targeted by usage categories (Native transfer, DeFi DEX, DeFi other, NFT, CEX, Stablecoin, ERC20 other, L2) rent, Bridge, Arbitrage/MEV, Utility) to tag smart contracts (and ultimately enable the community to tag smart contracts). This tagging will allow us to analyze and visualize usage patterns at a high level and show the "hottest" smart contracts in different usage categories. Web3-data is using known tags from Dune, Arbiscan, Etherscan, and others.

L2 Beat - L2 Beat

Continued commitment to providing transparent and verifiable insight into emerging L2 technologies through expanded metrics and education.

Data visualization

Quantstamp - Block L2 browser backend API standard

Quantstamp will clearly define the attributes that a block browser should implement in order to be considered fully functional in a general Layer2 setup. In addition, Quantstamp aims to propose and specify a standard API interface that the Layer2 network should expose to common block browsers. Quantstamp envisions that such a standardized interface would be able to greatly simplify the development of multiple block browsers that could be plug-and-play and reused across all Layer2 networks that support the standard. In an ideal world, the standard would turn the core development of a new block browser into a project that could be completed by an experienced team in a weekend hackathon. Quantstamp aims to define a standard that is not relevant to consumers. Therefore, it does not matter if it is used by a commercial, open source, and possibly even decentralized block browser. Quantstamp will focus specifically on what unique Layer2 data the block browser should provide, with an emphasis on security-related data for the chain monitored by Quantstamp.

Blossom Labs - Blobscan

The first block browser to support blob transactions in EIP-4844. It indexes and presents them in a searchable format that users can visualize and navigate in a simple way, providing the necessary infrastructure to scale Ethereum.

Cryptography and zero-knowledge proof

Specular - Zhe Ye, Ujval Misra and Dawn Song (University of California, Berkeley)

Today's most popular Optimisic Rollups (ORUs) exemplified by Arbitrum and Optimism strives to extend the existing Ethereum client software (Geth) to support the construction of interactive Proof of Fraud (IFP), Intended to reuse previous L1 projects and replicate EVM semantics in L2. Unfortunately, in order to do this, they tie their on-chain IFP validators tightly to a particular client program, unaware of its higher-level semantics. This method (1) eliminates the minimization of trust and unauthorized participation of multiple Ethereum client programs, which magnifies the risk of monocolture failure; (2) results in unnecessarily large and complex trusted computing bases (TCBS) that are difficult to independently audit; And (3) suffer from a frequently triggered but opaque escalation process that both further increases audit overhead and chronically complicates on-chain access control.

As a result, the team focused on building a secure, trust-minimization ORU to address these issues while maintaining scalability and dispute resolution efficiency. To this end, the team designed an EVM-derived IFP system that precisely implements Ethereum's semi-formal semantics at the level of a single EVM instruction. As part of this effort, the team built Specular, a Geth-modified ORU with only 99 lines of code to support the IFP build -- proving the utility, extensibility, and minimalism of trust of our approach.

Nethermind, Justin Thaler (Georgetown University), Matthew Green (Johns Hopkins University), Pratyush Tiwari (Georgetown University) - Specific Security Analysis for L2 Deployment Proof Systems

The team proposes to analyze the specific safety of the Belt-Rollups Safety Certification system (SNARKs, STARKs). The team observed that some of the proof systems had safety analysis in an interactive environment, while the safety was only a guess after the application of the Fiat-Shamir transform. In addition, the team believes that more effective attacks than so-called security levels are possible in some cases.

Ethstorage - Storage proof of L2 dynamic data set using Ethereum L1 contract

Whereas the list of BLOB's commitments in the L1 contract (e.g., KZG commitments from IP-4844/Danksharding, index 0... n-1), the project is to investigate an efficient proof system that effectively verifies on L1 that BLOBs are stored down the chain with the required redundancy (for example, 30 to 50 physical copies). By placing these storage nodes in the L2 network and assuming that the 1/m nodes are honest, an L2 storage network can be set up, reusing the security of the main network while greatly expanding Ethereum's scalability.

More in-depth research will attempt to answer the question of how to set up a proof/verification system if blobs and promises are constantly changing (for example, new blobs are appended to the list, or an indexed BLOB is changed); And how to set up incentive/payment systems to ensure that ETH is used as the ideal replication factor for payments; Can storage nodes be required to store some BLOBs while keeping the main network at an equally secure level?