So the current proposed solution is DVT decentring test certificator technology, which allows multiple node operators to jointly operate the verifier. The previous verifier and operator have a one-to-one relationship, while DVT is a one-to-N relationship, thus reducing the single point of failure and preventing the operator from directly affecting the corresponding verifier after it is suspended. If one carrier fails, another carrier can go up.
So what's the relationship between SSVS and DVTS? SSV stands for Secret Sharing Validator. It is a concept proposed by CarlBeek and adiasg, two Ethereum developers, in an article discussing the failures of the ETH2.0 validator. https://notes.ethereum.org/@adiasg/preventing-eth2-validator-failure#Proposals-for-SSV-protocols
SSV 的核心理念就是实现将验证者的私钥进行碎片后给到多个运营商，相当于多签的逻辑，后续 SSV 经过不断的讨论和发展延伸升级为 DVT，所以 SSV 是 DVT 的前身，SSV 也是一个技术名词，而我们今天聊的 SSV network 则是因其是 SSV 概念的践行者所以直接将自己命名为 SSV，是这样一个关系。
所以 Lido 也意识到了自己中心化的问题，它也在探索通过集成 DVT 解决方案来让经过和未经过 Lido 审核的运营商一起进行混合验证的效果，从而降低 Lido 运营商中心化的风险，在去年 10 月份 Lido 也宣布与 SSV network 进行了首次测试，这就是一开始我说到的 Lido 和 SSV 虽然都是 POS 概念币，但是并不是竞对的原因。
Going back to DVT, you can think of it as a large multi-signature scheme for the authentication layer on Ethereum. It has four key components: distributed key generation DGK, private key sharing for BLS signatures, multi-party secure computing MPC, and the IBFT consensus layer. Difficult to understand, right? Don't be afraid I'll go through each of them, but stick with it
Distributed key generation DKG is a cryptographic process that allows multiple machines (multiple carriers) to use the same verifier private key. As mentioned earlier, there are four steps to becoming a POS verification node: apply for authentication, pledge ETH, obtain the private key, and run the machine. Therefore, the implementation of DVT first needs to solve how to make multiple machines share a private key, while DKG allows each participant to own a part of the private key, thus preventing a single party from directly accessing and controlling the whole private key.
BLS 签名的私钥共享是一种机制，它实现了多方聚合签名，即能够将区块中所有的签名组合成单个签名，因为 DKG 使得私钥被多人碎片持有，那么需要签名时则将多人的签名聚合为一个签名，就像是一把钥匙被劈成 4 份分别保管，需要开门的时候则把 4 个碎片拼起来粘好后再插锁孔里。
多方安全计算 MPC 由大名鼎鼎的清华姚班创始人姚期智在 1982 年提出，指参与者在不泄露各自隐私数据情况下，利用隐私数据参与保密计算，共同完成某项计算任务，MPC 钱包概念大家应该也耳熟能详了，所以同样需要 MPC 技术来让每个私钥片段持有者在不泄漏自己数据的情况下一起完成重建私钥生成。
伊斯坦布尔拜占庭共识 IBFT 大家应该已经很熟悉了，DVT 的一个节点被任意选为领导者，负责区块提议并等工作，如果绝大多数验证者认为该块是有效的，它就会被添加到区块链中。如果在共识过程中选择的领导者下线，IBFT 将进行快速领导者更换并选择另一个 DVT 节点来承担该角色。
DVT 技术我们搞明白了， SSV network 的则是基于此实现的一个去中心化验证器 DVT 的基础设施，属于 0 层解决方案，从而成为了以太坊 POS 层的去中心化基础设施，它使验证器能够由多个运营商运行，而不是仅由当前行业标准的 1 个，开发人员选择在其上构建他们的 dapp 和协议。
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