Partnered With:

How is the NFT ecology on Boca coming along?

Read this article in 36 Minutes

We need to spend more time to observe and practice who can become the dark horse or the king of NFT racetrack in Boca ecology.

原文标题：《波卡与 NFT 将擦出怎样的火花？丨波卡生态观察》

原文来源： Polkadot 生态研究院

波卡与NFT将擦出怎样的火花？丨波卡生态观察

(The article is very long, it is recommended to bookmark before reading)

Polkadot Ecology Observation is a feature column of our projects within Polkadot Ecology, which are observed and analyzed from different ecological niche perspectives. Polkadot is a highly scalable project, which can accommodate a large number of ecological niches. By observing the ecological niches, we can not only perceive the overall situation, but also clearly understand the overall development of Polkadot. You can look in detail and see which niches are in a competitive or blue-ocean state. Only a clearer understanding of Polkadot's ecological development, as wellinvestmentPeople, participants or developers will be better able to take advantage of the benefits of Polkadot's ecological development. (This article will inevitably refer to projects and is intended only as a point of view, not as any other advice.)

background

From 2017's Crypto Cat to 2021's NBA Top Shot,NFT"Is another growth curve in the crypto world, and what is surprising is that NFT is out of the loop this year, it seems that all of a sudden from" nobody "to" everybody ", from works of art, to music, to copyright, and even to some luxury goods, NFT is appearing in the public view in an unprecedented attitude.

And last week, CNN and Fox Radio began experimenting in the NFT space. The NFT, with the theme of "CNN's Fortunes Change Our Moment", Chronicles noteworthy moments in history and is recorded on the Flow blockchain. Fox, in partnership with its subsidiary Bentobox Entertainment, has launched a $100 million fund.

The momentum of NFT is sweeping across all industries, and the NFT on Ethereum is the most prominent one at the moment. After all, more than 80% of NFT works appear on Ethereum. This is also the appeal of ERC721.

This is despite the fact that the blockchain industry already has a focus on NFT tracks like FlowThe male chainBut there will still be other public chain into this track, after all, in the "water big fish" days, who can not be sure that they can become the last "carp jump dragon gate" player.

Of course, as the current hot Boca ecology, NFT also swept a lot of projects, and this paper will focus on the construction and development of NFT in Boca ecology, for you to understand and learn.

What exactly is NFT?

Although the NFT is known for its popularity, the debate at the bottom is about what it is. Not many people can answer it completely. So before we explore the value that Poca can bring to NFT, we still need to spare no effort in explaining to you what NFT is? Why is NFT so valuable?

What is NFT?

As we all know, tokens are built on top of existing blockchainsIntelligent contract, NFT is also a kind of Token, which is the abbreviation of non-Fungible Token, that is, non-homogenized Token. Unlike Fungible Tokens, NFT is immutable, indivisible, irreplaceable, and unique.

Our common Bitcoin, Ethereum, Pocket, and so on are Fungible tokens, which can be substituted and split.

Let's take the most obvious example here. If a person named Alice has five dots, there is no difference between the five dots. Alice can give Bob half a DOT, or give Bob any DOT when he buys one from her. These undifferentiated and divisible dots are called Fungible tokens.

Then one day, Alice had a whit to number the five dots and give them an avatar. Then the DOT Bob bought was unique. When he buys a Dot, he has to make a choice. He also cannot buy 0.5 numbered and graphed DOTs, the images cannot be cut, and any two of them are different and not interchangeable. Just as there is no such thing as an identical fingerprint, there is no such thing as an identical NFT.

In other words, NFT is actually a programmable token that is traceable, weight-confirming, unbreakable, tamper-proof, and valuable. This type of token has unique data and attributes, just like a philatelist's collection of stamps, each of which has a different charm and value and cannot be broken apart.

The origin of NFT

The emergence of NFT is not a coincidence. Back in 2013, there were artists experimenting with ASCII character drawings using Bitcoin transaction scripts. To seek the immutability, decentralization, and integration brought by blockchain technologysecurityThe advantages of sex and privacy, to change the art world of the time, which was rich for brokers and poor for artists, and to solve the problems of piracy.

However, due to the limitations of the technology at the time, such applications were not developed. Until 2017, Ethereum launched the token standard ERC721, which allows each ERC721-based standard under a smart contract to have a separate UINT256-type number, allowing them to have unique attributes and correspond to a unique item.

Larva Labs, which soon decided that the token standard ERC721 would power most digital art and collectibles, developed a collection of 10,000 pixelated heads called Cryptopunks, which are owned by EthereumThe walletPeople get it by themselves. So far, 9,446 CryptoPunks have been in circulation on the secondary market, with CryptoPunks# 7804 selling for $7.57 million.

波卡与NFT将擦出怎样的火花？丨波卡生态观察

Six months after the launch of cryptopitties, a miniskirt game developed by Dapper Labs, Cryptokitties, went popular quickly, sparking a craze for crypto cats and detonating the entire NFT market.

Since then, more and more NFT has come into our sight, whether it is Beeple's NFT works, "Every Day: The First 5000 Days" sold for a record price of 450 million RMB at Christie's, the world famous auction house, or NBA Top Shot has turned the star card from a popular game into a national carnival.

And whetherCurrency,NFT for Good is a one-stop shop for open digital artPublic welfareAnd Ethernity Chain, which aims to build the world's largest NFT authentication library and provides funds to charitable organizations.

NFT is no longer just a concept, but a real part of our lives.

What is the significance of NFT

So what does NFT mean?

The meaning of NFT is actually broken down, we can write another long article, here we will briefly talk about one of our main understanding of NFT.

To be clear, many of you may think that NFT is just a small piece of the whole blockchain field, withDeFiThe volume is far from the same.

But in our opinion, NFT is actually a very big direction, to what extent? NFT can compete with FT, and DEFI is just one part of the FT domain. NFT+FT is like Taiji Yin and Yang, only the combination of the two is the expression of all the values in the complete digital world, and this is the biggest significance of NFT. So, for NFT, you can enjoy it as much as you like, and its future value is unlimited.

Development and classification of NFT

The development of NFT is not accomplished overnight. Since 2017, there has been a long evolution of standards and division of categories, leading to today's thriving scene. In order to give you a more comprehensive understanding of NFT, we will only give a brief description of the evolution and classification of NFT standards.

Standard evolution of NFT

As mentioned above, NFT emerged from the introduction of the token standard ERC721. ERC stands for Ethereum Request for Comments, or EthereumdevelopersThe submitted standard proposal, the number after which represents the number, will become the Ethereum Improvement Proposal after public review and become one of the common standards for Ethereum.

The NFT originated as EIP-721 (Ethereum Implpentation Proposal 721) in late 2017. The standard is also the first NFT standard on Ethereum, and was created and released by Dieter Shirley, CTO of Cryptokitties, the hottest NFT project of 2017. Yes, he invented ERC721 and built one of the hottest projects based on it. The Cryptokitties craze has also made ERC721 popular,DecentralandMore and more projects are experimenting with NFT based on ERC721.

Of course, ERC721 isn't perfect, it's limited to building NFT, it has some limitations, and it's clearly not good enough for building complex NFT-based games, so more and more NFT-friendly standards are being proposed. ERC1155, published by Enjin in 2019, is another well-known NFT standard.

ERC1155 seems to have got through to the best of both worlds, allowing NFT and FT to coexist and transform within this standard, and bringing a new concept of semi-homogenized tokens. ERC1155 supports localization of all metadata languages so that all tokens are common, not just one language like ERC721, and a smart contract can accommodate countless types of tokens without wasting data. It also supports the bulk transfer of multiple token IDs in a single transaction. Improvements have been made in legacy metadata, ID replacement, and more.

ERC1155 is like an evolved version of ERC721, much more powerful and efficient.

However, it is not only the Ethereum token standard that can build NFT, Poca also introduced the RMRK specification for building NFT, and the birth of RMRK specification opened the door to a new world of NFT.

In addition to the basic functions of send, cast, destroy, put on the shelf, buy, etc., the RMRK specification brings a whole new interaction mode. That is, EQUIP/UNEQUIP the child NFT into the parent slot, SET (SET custom values on the NFT), RESADD (add new resources to the NFT as the publisher of the collection), REACCEPT (accept add new resources to an existing NFT). And enable nested NFT, multi-resource NFT, conditional rendering NFT and NFTDAOIt's possible.

The RMRK specification makes the NFT in the user's hand not just a token, but a foundation for constructing the metauniverse. Users can create NFTs with other NFTs, and make certain NFTs behave differently and visually under different conditions. It can even allow the same NFT to be recognized by Audible, Kindle, OpenSea and other different states of audio and video. It can also decompose homogenized tokens according to NFT, and determine the status and flow of a certain NFT by the community.

And we also believe that there will be more advanced NFT standards in the future, and inject a steady stream of vitality for NFT.

波卡与NFT将擦出怎样的火花？丨波卡生态观察

The evolution of NFT ecology

At the same time, the entire NFT ecosystem has also developed from a single game NFT and art NFT to a public chain,DApp, assets and other multi-direction parallel development of the ecosystem.

The origin of NFT comes from Ethereum. Needless to say, Ethereum is the most active and oldest public NFT chain at present. More than 70% of projects are developed on Ethereum. Thus, we have multiple NFT public chains, such as FLOW, WAX, EFINITY, etc.

Among them, Efinity is an expandable NFT cross-chain network based on Pokard created by Enjin Company, which not only guarantees the improvement of throughput and transaction speed, but also ensures the interaction and communication between NFT based on different public chains. It provides a good platform for the development of NFT.

DAPPs related to NFT are no longer limited to game NFT. DAPPs in NFT ecology have made great progress in art NFT, game NFT, NFT platform, and even the combination of NFT and DEFI. And gradually leading the entire crypto field.

Based on the wave cardLayer2The solution of thePlasmThe first NFT game DApp, PolkaPet, was launched, 800 copies were sold out within 4 minutes, and a NFT community was established in the NFT ecosystem, which greatly reduced the transaction cost of NFT, realized the cross chain of NFT and enhanced its usability. This enables me to bind the wallet to Twitter, greatly reducing the user barrier.

The asset direction that NFT first developed gradually matured. The Perfume Dao, created by British Perfume company Rook Perfumes, allows participants to buy NFT to help create Perfumes. Porsche's digital subsidiary Forward 31 launches NFT start-up Fanzone, which publishes German football team player cards to expand support for the league; TechCrunch founder and cryptocurrencyInvestor Michael Arrington has put his apartment in Kiev, Ukraine, up for sale under the name NFT.

In both the short and medium term, the NFT ecosystem is still evolving, and developers and creators will create an endless stream of new use cases for NFT that is beyond our imagination.

The development of Boca NFT

At present, the NFT of Boca Ecology has just started, and each project party is still in the state of a horse race. They are exploring different areas of NFT, including innovation of NFT standards, creation of NFT market, construction of NFT public chain, and creation of a virtual world based on NFT, subject to official Grant (subsidy). We can take a brief look at what the NFT project in Boca Ecology is doing right now.

Bit.Country

Bit.Country is a decentralized eternal meta-universe. Users can create their own worlds of Bit countries, Blocks, land (Subdivison), and items (ITPs) as crypto collectibles and non-homogeneous tokens (NFTs). In this world, users will have their own marketplaces, NFTs, community tokens, fan economies and 3D virtual worlds. It's decentralizingWeb3.0Time, let anyone on the blockchain network to create their own meta-universe, community and economy as their own little Bit Country.

Unique Network

Unique Network is based on Polkadot andKusamaThe designed NFT public chain, through the open source component library, allows anyone to customize the NFT coinage scheme, and avoids the problems such as high gas charges on Ethereum.

RareLink Network

The RARELINK protocol creates an infrastructure for dynamic NFT that supports cross-chain transport and allows for new decentralizationfinancial(Defi) application provides support. Dynamic NFT is a permanent smart contract that uses a predictor to communicate with and respond to external data and systems. Prophecers allow NFTs to use external data/systems as a mechanism for casting/destroying NFTs, peer-to-peer transactions, and checking status that can respond to real-world events.

NFTMart

NFTmart is a fully scalable, decentralized, cross-chain trading platform based on independent public chain, and the first professional decentralized NFT trading market with independent main chain.

DNFT Protocol

DNFT Protocol is Substrate's cross-chain decentralized NFT asset network dedicated to building a next-generation NFT Protocol. The aim is to create a decentralized NFT and Game Center to support cross-chain applications from Poca and Substrate Eco.

CryptoGraph

Cryptograph is a one-of-a-kind digital collection created by ICONS and artists and always supports good works. At the core of the Cryptograph platform is a desire to inspire creators and support philanthropy in a model that alines the interests of creators, collectors and our platform in perpetuity.

Starry Network

A functional NFT protocol. The Starry protocol now includes bulk casting/transfer of NFT, Graph tokens, divisible NFT, and Moloch DAO with NFT tribute added. It was the first project on Poka to support batch casting, the first to support composable tokens, the first to support shard tokens, and the first to fully support Moloch DAO.

DEGO Finance

DEGO is the Lego building block of the decentralized world. Through the diversified combination of NFT+ DEFI, it builds an ideal decentralized financial ecology. Dego adopts the concept of modular combination design, which combines various elements of the product to form a generic module with specific functions. By combining with other modules, a new system with multiple functions and performance is created, which achieves the effect of 1+1 > 2 like Lego bricks, and generates infinite possibilities.

Gamepower

GamePower is the first fully decentralized game publishing platform built on top of Kusama and Poca. Discover new games, trade users' digital games freely, and acquire rare collectibles with real world value.

Except, of course, for the projects above that received official Grant support. There are also some NFT projects that have not received official Grant, some of which have not passed official review, and some of which are not necessary to receive Grant. Efinity is one of the projects worth paying attention to.

The future of NFT

Development of on-chain native assets (metacombal direction)

The Metaverse, originally derived from author Neal Stephenson's science fiction novel "Avalanche," describes a world in which people interact with software in three-dimensional space as avatars.

According to wikipedia, yuan universe refers to a group of virtual Shared space, by the physical and virtual enhance physical lasting the aggregation of virtual space creation, including the sum of all the virtual world, augmented reality and the Internet, by persistent, sharing of 3 d virtual space is connected to a virtual universe perceived. If you think it is complicated, you can simply understand it as the universe composed of virtual space.

The word "Metaverse" consists of "Meta" and "Universe", meaning "transcendence" and "Universe" respectively. We can understand that there is only one real Universe in the world, but in virtual space, we can create countless different virtual universes, which are Metaverse beyond the real Universe. Therefore, the meta-universe is considered to be the future of the Internet.

波卡与NFT将擦出怎样的火花？丨波卡生态观察

However, according to this description, the meta-universe is not limited to blockchain, and existing Internet technologies can also be used to build parts of the meta-universe. In fact, on the Internet, there is already capital to take a step forward and start investing in the meta-universe. In March of this year, Roblox, a sandbox gaming platform backed by global gaming giant Tencent, was the first to put the "meta-universe" flag on the New York Stock Exchange. On its first day of listing, it broke the capital circle in an instant with more than $40 billion. Subsequently, numerous game manufacturers, game relatedindustryOther companies have also announced their entry into the MetaUniverse. Nvidia, Epic Games, Facebook, Microsoft, Bytedance and other giants are not to be outdone. MetaUniverse soon becomes the hot property of capital.

However, in May this year, Tencent and DD373 game trading platform of a lawsuit, but triggered our thinking. We will not go into details about who is right and who is wrong in this lawsuit. The main reason lies in a sentence Tencent said in its defense, "The ownership of game accounts does not belong to the players, but to the game manufacturers." Has aroused a wide discussion. So we spent a lot of time and money on our game account, and in the end, the account doesn't belong to me? So, if it is a virtual world built by such a centralized giant as Tencent according to the same logic, the property in it does not belong to my own?

So, a decentralized meta-universe is the future with the most potential, because people want us to be like in Ready Player One, where the time we spend in virtual space is meaningful and valuable, and the virtual assets we earn should be valuable and belong to us.

Naturally, the technologies that can host decentralized virtual assets are cryptocurrencies and NFTs that are the native assets on the chain. Although the development of the meta-universe is still in its early stages, some projects combining meta-universe attributes such as 3D virtual space display, native NFT assets, and token economy design are gradually exploring new possibilities. With something related to the meta-universe likeAR/VR, smart devices, 5G and other technologies are gradually mature, and more creators and capital are settling in this field. The decentralized meta-universe will surely lead a new wave, and then NFT and cryptocurrency will once again stand on the stage of history with magnificent costumes.

The development of the chain entity combination

In addition to NFT on the chain, the non-homogenization of NFT has also attracted the attention of many traditional enterprises, who have tried to use their own influence to obtain new growth points in combination with NFT.

NBA Top Shot belongs to the old business model on the chain, can enjoy the convenience brought by blockchain. NBA Top Shot is an NFT based application launched by NBA officials and the team behind Crypto Kitties, Dapper Labs. It is a blockchain based digital collectibles game. Users can buy, sell and collect officially authorized digital collectibles, which contain iconic moments of each player.

The app's ability to quickly reach dozens or even millions of users, and generate hundreds of millions of dollars in monthly sales through February or March 2021, is a result of having a base. NBA has a physical star card before, itself has a large base of people, the NBA Top Shot is equivalent to the physical card with graphics into a video of the digital collectible, rather than just pictures, the star's iconic moment is obviously more collectible, and NFT has many advantages over the physical card. Entity card transactions must be done offline, which limits its liquidity. In contrast, NFT can be traded at any time and anywhere in the world, and there is almost no threshold for transactions.

Second, the physical card easily, how to distinguish authenticity is a laborious technical, even was born Beckett Media such collection platform operations in almost 40 years of professional market, visible such demand and the market is to be reckoned with, but the NFT can be easily verified on the chain, there had been no such security problem.

And just after the chain, the old business model reduces the transaction threshold, anti-counterfeiting costs, and releases liquidity, which is the truth of the popularity of NBA Top Shot. It can be seen from this that the old business model of on-chain can obtain the advantages of NFT, so as to have a second spring. It is a set of proven solutions, which is worth the reference and exploration of existing traditional enterprises. , for example, can be further extended to some rights or prove as NFT to sell, we can even meet the VIP qualification as NFT sell, or lease, or the like buffett's qualification such rights as NFT dinner, we can bring out a star one day to sell, play their fans economy and so on.

Of course, this is only a small part of the application direction of off-chain physical enterprises combined with NFT. After all, this is just the old city reconstruction, and it has not involved the field of traditional enterprises exploring new business models with NFT. Due to space constraints, we will not do too much expansion here. NFT is a big field, and we will continue to analyze and decompose it.

They influence each other

NFT assets if the chain can be expressed as a decentralized, chain entities under the combination of NFT can be seen as an extension of the centralized, so we need to face up to a point of view is, must be inclusive view on the development of the technology and business, not an either/or, centralized also has the advantages of centralized, decentralized also has the advantage of decentralization, so, The development direction of the two NFT is more likely to have their own ecology, and in some aspects can be combined with each other, jointly build and share. However, it is still in the early days of NFT's development and the stage has just been set up. Let's wait and see what kind of amazing performances NFT will bring.

Afterword.

Although NFT in experience over the past six months after the hype, began to appear small cool, but it doesn't affect the NFT in the development of other industries, we see more and more traditional enterprise into NFT market, whether the traditional retail enterprise, or the Internet technology companies, have to the hand of "interest" NFT markets.

At the present stage, it is most famous for NFT on Ethereum, but the cross-chain problem of NFT is also troubling the development of the industry. In addition to cross-chain projects like Poka, other public chains are also exploring the cross-chain problem of NFT, which is not discussed in this paper, but this direction is also worthy of our attention.

To the card in the ecological wavelengths, who can be the dark horse of NFT track or king, actually it is very early, after all, wave card also has just kicked off, this needs us to spend much more time to observe, to practice, or perhaps wave ecological will be born the more unique NFT projects or products, this is the wave of card ecological brought NFT may change.