Dujiangyan released the "government service + blockchain" loose coupling model, or preempted the smart digital government service field

Original title: "Dujiangyan Releases "Government Service + Blockchain" Loosely Coupling Model, or Preempts Smart Digital Government Service Field"

Original Source: Odaily Planet Daily

In recent years, there has been a new trend in urban governance across my country - the construction of "smart cities", and governments at all levels have introduced relevant policies be advanced. Information technologies, including cloud computing, the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, are frequently mentioned in the encouraging documents issued by various places. There are also many cities that are more "advanced" and apply cutting-edge blockchain technology to the construction of government services in smart cities. Dujiangyan City in Chengdu is one of them. On January 11, Dujiangyan City issued Sichuan's first blockchain real estate certificate and blockchain business license.

(The first blockchain real estate certificate in Dujiangyan City)

Different from the "tight coupling" of other provincial and municipal affairs alliance chains, Dujiangyan City adopts a "loose coupling" processing mode, integrating the original business logic and citizen data Retained at the application layer, only the "data results" that need to be transmitted in cross-departmental collaboration are encrypted and compared on the chain. Not only does it take into account authenticity, security and privacy, but it is also more convenient to promote everywhere because it does not conflict with the original business process.

The blockchain certificate is just the beginning, in the future "Smart Party Construction+Blockchain", "Community Smart Service Platform +Blockchain", "Urban Governance + Blockchain span>” will also be applied in Dujiangyan City one after another.

In the era of blockchain, Dujiangyan City is making great efforts to promote the practice of blockchain, explore the boundaries of Innovation Highlands.

Government service + blockchain, or the achievement of "killer application"

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In the past few years, "Blockchain" has become a focus of national policy and public attention.

The National "Two Sessions" in 2017 mentioned blockchain technology for the first time; And the government work reports of local governments once again mentioned "blockchain" technology on a large scale; in 2019, the central government determined that "blockchain is an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technology", and "blockchain" has also become an annual hot word; this year In April, the National Development and Reform Commission clearly included "blockchain" in the information infrastructure of the new infrastructure (referred to as "new infrastructure"), and various localities have also issued policies to support it.

".  However, the most intuitive feeling of ordinary people is that the blockchain does not seem to appear in their lives. Why? "In the past few years, blockchain has been widely used in the financial field. In the non-financial field, although there are many implementations of blockchain, there is a lack of "killer applications". "Tao Quming, general manager of Sichuan Kaiyuanguan Technology Co., Ltd., told Odaily Planet Daily. In his view, blockchain applications have mostly been concentrated in the financial field in the past few years.

This is indeed the case. The most typical example of domestic blockchain financial applications is digital renminbi. As early as 2014, the central bank established a digital currency research institute to study the feasibility of issuing legal digital currency. This year , The central bank’s digital currency (DCEP) is also being pilot tested in many places across the country and will be officially launched soon. In addition, large commercial banks such as China Construction Bank have been carrying out "cross-border financial services + blockchain" since 2018 The China Securities Regulatory Commission also launched the pilot work of "Regional Equity Market Blockchain Registration and Custody Infrastructure Construction" in July this year to explore the application of "equity + blockchain"...

blockchain”, “copyright protection + blockchain” and other applications. But for ordinary people, the sense of existence of the blockchain is not strong, and even a bit "tasteless".

, the blockchain has no chance.” Tao Quming explained.

Kung fu, still failed to completely eliminate the problem of fraud. Today's "traceability and anti-counterfeiting + blockchain", although the data on the chain cannot be tampered with, the authenticity of the original data is still not guaranteed. What's more, most of the original data upload nodes are related enterprises, and their own credibility is doubtful. It can be said that the blockchain also does not fundamentally solve the pain points of anti-counterfeiting and traceability. To promote the development of blockchain in non-financial fields, the key is to find out which scenarios are most suitable for the development of blockchain.

"Government services may be one of the most important scenarios of blockchain in the non-financial field." Tao Quming told Odaily Planet Daily, "Because of its technical characteristics such as non-tamperable and distributed storage, blockchain has built a unique trust mechanism, which can effectively solve the trust pain points of traditional e-government services."

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As early as 2017, the country had promulgated the "13th Five-Year Plan for National Government Informationization Project Construction Plan", and it is very necessary and urgent to innovate government informationization. In the past few years, although various regions have actively promoted e-government and data sharing, they still face the following problems in actual implementation:

• There is a risk of data tampering and falsification in the centralized system, especially cross-department government data;

• The centralized system has the risk of being invaded, and various departments are worried about security risks such as information leakage;

• The centralized system may be paralyzed

• Centralized institutions are not equal, it is difficult to collect information comprehensively, and the efficiency of collaboration needs to be improved.

  
  

Through blockchain, the above problems can be effectively solved.

From the perspective of organizational structure, blockchain is a distributed multi-agent collaboration, and the government structure is also a typical distributed system. Different departments and levels have different divisions of responsibilities, but they are also a community of multi-subject collaboration. The two have natural similarities.

Therefore, "government service + blockchain" has also become the most important exploration in many provinces and municipalities in the past two years one of the directions.

"Loose coupling" replaces "tight coupling" to revitalize "government + chain"

At present, many provinces, cities and other regions in my country have tried to run "government services + blockchain".

Compared with traditional e-government, blockchain can effectively break the problem of data islands; and, completely different from traditional information systems, The data stored in the blockchain cannot be tampered with, and the integrity of the data is guaranteed from the beginning to the end. The traces of data usage are traceable, and the security performance is higher.

However, in the actual implementation process, there are many problems that need to be solved urgently.

(1) Problems with the existing alliance chain

Currently, the "government services + blockchain" in most provinces and cities adopt Consortium Blockchain as a solution. Chain, only for members of a specific group and limited third parties, internally designate multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers, the generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes, other access nodes can participate in transactions, but However, when it comes to the bookkeeping process, other third parties can perform limited queries through the open API of the blockchain. In order to achieve better performance, the consortium chain has certain requirements for the configuration of consensus or verification nodes and the network environment. With the access mechanism, the transaction performance can be improved more easily, and some problems caused by the uneven participation of participants can be avoided.

However, the alliance chain has encountered difficulties in promotion in practice. The main reasons are as follows:

One is that different government departments have different business logic.

In the government affairs system, different government departments undertake different functions, such as taxation, environmental protection, For medical treatment, etc., the logic of processing government data is also different, which is determined by the management system of our country's government.

For example, the public security department will register the personal identity information of residents, but this involves the privacy of citizens. If all these private data are released on the chain, once a large-scale privacy leak occurs, it will inevitably violate the vital interests of citizens. Even if it is not leaked by the public security department, it is difficult to escape accountability.

It is the existence of rights and responsibilities and various hidden dangers that form a barrier and hinder the data sharing among various government departments .

Second, the data is redundant, which affects the operation of nodes.

The alliance chain requires each node to store all data, which can avoid "single point of failure" , but it will greatly affect the efficiency in actual operation.

According to the "Government Big Data White Paper", the national government big data adds up to at least hundreds or even thousands of Alibaba (100PB ) volume. If a node wants to run these data, it is undoubtedly difficult and costly, and it is also unrealistic.

The design and implementation of the new system will increase exponentially, and the design and construction cost of the new system, as well as the difficulty and workload of integrating with the existing system will increase exponentially. Conversely, if there are not enough nodes, the value of the trusted network will be limited, and it will be difficult to realize the vision of all-in-one network.

Based on the above reasons, although the application of "government services + blockchain" in various places seems to be windy From the beginning of raw water, it was done in a lively manner, but there were very few really brilliant ones.

(2) "Loose coupling" becomes the way to break the situation

In order to solve the predicament of the previous government alliance chain, let the blockchain technology really improve the efficiency of government services and enhance the credibility. Dujiangyan City creatively proposed a "loose coupling" approach in the implementation of the application to replace the "tight coupling" approach of the traditional government alliance chain.

The so-called "tight coupling" refers to connecting the business logic and respective data of various government departments to the alliance as mentioned above In the chain, everything is on the chain. Once the business logic is on the chain, it is difficult to change the business rules.

(tight coupling)

The so-called "loose coupling", It is to leave the original government business logic and data in the application layer, and only compare the result information that needs to be transmitted in cross-departmental collaboration.

"Data sharing is zero, and business logic is hardly changed. This breaks the system barrier." Tao Quming explained.

It will be easy too.

A string of password "digital fingerprints"; each "digital fingerprint" corresponds to an original. When you need to use it, you only need to compare the "digital fingerprints" to see if they are consistent with the original, without transferring the original data.

At this time, the blockchain technology is only in the form of a plug-in or a standard For storage, all departments and residents can use these "digital fingerprints" under certain standards and authorization. In the future, data services based on "digital fingerprint libraries" can be provided on this basis, and the interface can be opened to third-party service companies. Innovative ways to encourage innovation in open technology services.

(loose coupling)

This time Dujiangyan City released Taking Sichuan's first digital real estate certificate as an example, it introduces how "loose coupling" is applied.

I will be present in person to facilitate the review by the staff. The real estate registration center also needs to connect information with taxation, public security, civil affairs and other departments to verify the authenticity of the information. The whole process is not only cumbersome, but also time-consuming.

Now, users do not need to carry a lot of paper materials, because ID cards, household registration books and other documents have already been stored in the public security system and other systems The user can confirm the identity through AI face recognition on site, and authorize the transfer of relevant data; the functional department can verify the authenticity of the relevant information through the e-government blockchain network, and directly issue the blockchain real estate certificate to the user.

In addition, real estate certificates, business licenses and other blockchain certificates will also be stored as encrypted data for users to handle other businesses use. In this pilot project, Dujiangyan Zangzhentang Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic successfully applied for the country's first blockchain medical institution practice license by uploading blockchain real estate certificates, business licenses and other materials, after automatic system verification and manual review. for the record.

This also means that once the real estate certificate and business license based on the blockchain are online Immediately used to support subsequent richer government affairs.

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(Use blockchain license to handle clinic records)

In the whole process, the original data will not appear, which avoids the regulatory requirements for the use of original private data, and at the same time can complete the transmission of information, reducing the difficulty of system collaboration between various departments by 90%.

In addition, once the original data changes, the corresponding encrypted data will also change, which greatly ensures the real-time synchronization of data, And can record status. For example, the blockchain property right certificate can record the status of each property transaction, which helps to verify the true status of property rights, facilitates the verification of housing availability in real estate transactions, and improves the efficiency of real estate transactions.   

Some people may question, how authentic are these encrypted data before they are uploaded to the chain?

At present, each node on this government chain is a government department, and the CA digital certificate will also be passed when the data is stored And the execution key for signature, which has complete legal effect.

Another question that people care about is how efficient is the government affairs blockchain in Dujiangyan City?

Tao Quming said that the theoretical throughput (TPS) of the chain can reach tens of thousands of times, and the performance is completely sufficient to support the current business quantity.

In general, this new model can not change the existing business logic of each department and avoid Under the premise of non-essential data sharing, the closed loop of trust between government departments, government departments and enterprises and residents is realized, and at the same time, security, efficiency, open source, and real application requirements are taken into account, providing "government services + blockchain ” Opened up a new technical solution idea.

From the point of view of practical effect, this is indeed an effective way to promote the improvement of government services.

From Sichuan to the whole country

The issuance of blockchain real estate certificates and blockchain business licenses is only the first step for Dujiangyan City. In the future, other important personal documents such as marriage certificates, degree certificates, and retirement certificates can be digitized to reduce trust costs and improve work efficiency. In addition, next year Dujiangyan plans to put all government licenses on the blockchain, including business licenses.

“We can use digital wallets on mobile phones to store digital certificates, just like the VIP virtual It’s as easy as a card.” Tao Quming made a vivid metaphor.

Users do not need to go back and forth across departments if they want to handle various businesses, they only need to click on the corresponding certificate on the mobile phone to authorize Just visit.

Realize mobility and intelligence.

Dujiangyan is just the beginning of the Sichuan government blockchain.

It will cooperate with Dujiangyan City to form a national demonstration effect, and then strive to promote this model to the whole country, so as to realize the integration of government affairs and one network across the country. At that time, government affairs data in various places can be more smoothly interconnected and realize greater economic value.

We also expect Chengdu to continue to explore "scenario + blockchain" in the blockchain era The landing application promotes the in-depth development of the industrial blockchain.

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