Vitalik: Ethereum's scalability will be achieved in two stages, short-term and long-term, introducing multi-dimensional Gas to avoid state bloat

BlockBeats News, February 28th, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published a post discussing Ethereum's scaling roadmap, pointing out that scaling should be divided into two stages: short-term and long-term. Short-term scaling mainly relies on the upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade, which will be achieved through block-level access lists to enable parallel validation, extending the ePBS mechanism's block validation window, and Gas repricing to measure actual operation time, while introducing multi-dimensional Gas to differentiate different resource consumption and avoid state bloat issues.

During the Glamsterdam upgrade phase, the "state creation cost" will be initially separated, allowing state creation Gas to not count towards the regular Gas limit, thus supporting larger contract creation. The EVM will maintain compatibility through a "reservoir" mechanism to ensure that subcalls and Gas operations continue to function as normal. The future will gradually transition to multi-dimensional Gas pricing to achieve long-term economic sustainability while retaining flexibility.

The long-term scaling will focus on ZK-EVM and blobs. Through iterations of the PeerDAS, the ultimate goal of blobs is to achieve 8MB/s data availability, enabling block data to directly enter blobs for validation without the need for full download. ZK-EVM will adopt a phased rollout, first allowing 5% network usage in 2026, expanding to a larger proportion in 2027, and ultimately transitioning to a "3-of-5" multi-proof system that allows nodes to verify without re-execution, ensuring security and a very high Gas limit.