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What is the difference between poka and Cosmos on the cross chain?

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Blockchain data is isolated by the chains on which it depends. So, what does it mean to cross a chain?

Blockbeat Blockbeats

Original author: Kerman Kohli

The original title:The State of Crypto Interoperability. (Explained in Pictures).

A recentThere has been much discussion of cross-chain issues, including the release of Cosmos and potential threats to the etheric ecosystem. Polkadot, also a cross-chain project, is often mentioned with Cosmos. What's the difference? The differences between the two are listed in this article.

In the Internet world, we can access and modify many data sets through apis (application specific interfaces). For a blockchain, however, data is isolated by the chain it depends on. So,Across the chainWhat does that mean?

1. Transfer assets between different chains with great confidence

2. Cross-chain smart contracts that can interact with each other

3. Special chains can be used by other chains

Introduction of practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT)

Pragmatic Byzantine fault tolerance is an implementation developed by Barbara Liskov and Miguel Castro in 1999. Chains like Cosmos and Polkadot were inspired by PBFT.

1. An organization or individual of an organization may receive a great deal of transaction information until it forms a block. We call this group or individual the sponsor because they come up with a block.

2. Once a proposal has been submitted, everyone participates in a primary to make sure they hear the same proposal. It is important to note that a block may be incorrect/malicious, but is still a valid block in the pre-vote phase, as everyone is just trying to reach a consensus and confirm that they have received the same data/block.

3. Once more than two-thirds of the participants thought they had received the same block, so they will have to submit in advance the voting stage. A pre-commit vote can be taken to determine if this is a valid block and no malicious action has occurred.

4. If more than two-thirds participants voted the block is effective and correct, then you can succeed to the block to block chain.

5. Block height is therefore increased, and steps 1-5 are then repeated.

Cosmos

Cosmos was founded by Jae Kwon and Ethan Buchman in 2016 and raised over $17 million for the project through ICO's initial token ATOM. The Cosmos Hub is its own blockchain, and comsos allows its chain to connect to other regions (blockchains), thus allowing information to be exchanged between different regions. Any POW Blockchain, such as BTC, ethereum, ZCash, etc., must be connected to the bridge-zone (Bridge area, safe and reliable) through Inter Blockchain Communication (internal Blockchain information).

The user-owned Atom can be used to become the validator in the system, or the user can choose to delegate the Atom to the validator. The blockbeat learned that the Cosmos blockchain will have 100 validators and plans to increase this data with a governance parameter in the future.

Let's take ethereum and BTC as examples:

1. First Cosmos will create a trusted intermediary region for ethereum, and a team of verifiers will be responsible for transmitting information from ethereum's bridge region to Cosmos.

2. Since ethereum and BTC are probabilistic (the current chain may not be the correct chain), the verifier needs to wait until there are a certain number of trade confirmations to ensure that the transaction is actually completed.

3. Once the transaction is confirmed, the verifier sends a transaction from their area to the Cosmos Hub to indicate that they have indeed received the ether. The Hub then creates a Wrapped Cosmos Ether, and the rest of the Cosmos will realize that there is now a Wrapped Cosmos Ether in the system.

4. Wrapped Cosmos Ether will be replaced by Wrapped Cosmos BTC, assuming the exchange rate is determined in advance. The Wrapped Cosmos BTC is then sent to the BTC's trusted mediation region and then to a specific address on the BTC chain.

Based on the data obtained from the block pulse, there are several assumptions/things to note in this model:

The Cosmos Hub needs to ensure that the balance of the Wrapped Cosmos asset increases and decreases correctly. While this is a potential drawback, the Cosmos team's current design allows anyone to create their own hub. Basically, Cosmos is a can let the Hubs and regional network running within different groups.
Each region must believe that they are validating the proper send/receive asset transaction. Senders also need to trust the verifier to forward their messages correctly, rather than stealing their assets.

Wave card & have spentPolkadot

Polkadot was founded by Gavin Wood, co-founder and former CTO of ethereum, and chairman of the Web3 foundation. Polkadot raised more than 145 million euros by selling its native token, DOT, in late 2017. If Cosmos is like an open network made up of hubs and zones, Polkadot is more like a single "relay chain", which provides many benefits for joining other chains (Parachains) such as BTC, ethereum and other blockchains.

Polkadot's consensus mechanism consists of two parts: GRANDPA and BABE.

GRANDPA is a tool for achieving final certainty, based on the concept of GHOST fork selection rules (similar to the ethereum Casper protocol), BABE is a block production mechanism similar to Cardano's Ouroboros. Block pulse analysis, the introduction of this tool can make part of the block chain to complete the final determination, and can prove that the recovery. Separating the final deterministic tool from the block production allows the final deterministic and the generation of new blocks on the chain to proceed through different processes.

In the boca ecosystem, there are the following:

Collator - produces blocks for Parachain and passes the information to the verifier for validation.
Nominator - assigns its own capital to the verifier to participate in the collateral mechanism.
Validators - require high bond bindings because they are responsible for sealing the transaction validation of the new block.
Fishe rman --By looking at other nodes in the network to find bounty hunters for fraud.

Each Parachain gains centralized security through a verifier from the verification chain. Once achain is connected to the Polkadot network by becoming a Parachain, it has the same level of security as the entire Polkadot network. In Cosmos, each new chain needs to set up its own set of validators and must be responsible for its own security.

Instead of relying on the Bridge Contract to send messages to other parachains, Parachain passively reads the information from the Bridge Contract. This means that Polkadot's interchain communication framework does not need to be fully trusted, because parachains are there for the benefit of the relay chain, not to validate any particular parachains. In addition, the verifier is reassigned to another Parachain in an spaced and random manner.

The difference between poka and Cosmos

1. Parachain chain will directly link to poka network, which has the same security level as poka main network. Each new chain of Cosmos requires its own verifier to be established and must be responsible for its own security.

2. Poka links each Parachain through trust-fee interchain communication. They want users who communicate across chains not to trust each chain in which they transmit messages, but to trust the single security of the entire Polkadot network. Cosmos works differently, in which the user needs to trust the transaction source chain, the transaction transfer chain, and the destination chain that use the respective independent verifier groups. In short, in the information transmission of Cosmos, each link has its own verifier group, and the user needs the new verifier group for each link.

3. Think of Polkadot as an interconnected system that will be connected to other chains by Bridges. Parachain can contain custom logic and is responsible for handling its own state transitions as it receives and sends messages to other chains. Parachains can communicate with each other. Unlike Cosmos, the message must travel through the Hub before it is transmitted.

The core of many cross-chain operationsThe problem seems to be resolved at a high level, but implementation is still far behind. The block pulse record, Cosmos, was launched in March 2019, but only Cosmos Hub is currently operational. Their next step is to determine how the interblock communication framework will work. Polkadot will be launched in late 2019, when only the relay chain will be running.

But there is noHowever, the introduction of Cosmos and Polkadot is positive for the overall development and progress of blockchain. Block pulsation periodAfter they upgrade and innovation, may bring new unexpected development to the block chain world.