Vitalik: Four Steps to Accelerate L2 State Confirmations, Long-Term Goal is 12-Second Native L1-to-L2 Sync Communication

BlockBeats News, April 8th, at the "Web3 Scholar Summit 2025" in Hong Kong, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin gave a speech. He stated that OP and ARB require a week to confirm withdrawal status. Although users can use an instant bridge, it is very expensive. Therefore, we need to speed up L2 confirmation times and create a more integrated and unified Ethereum system. How can we achieve this goal?

The first step is the ZK+TEE+OP "pick two out of three" design, which requires a 30-day upgrade window.

The second step is to leverage L1SLOAD, a segment that supports L2 to asynchronously read L1's opcodes without excessive forwardness.

The third step is proof aggregation, where instead of separately confirming on-chain states, validators may all submit proofs to an aggregator.

The fourth step is low-latency validators.

Ethereum's long-term goal is to achieve native synchronous communication between L1 and L2 in about 12 seconds.