Changes to protocols and staking pools can improve decentralization and reduce consensus costs, according to Vitalik.

BlockBeats reported on October 7th that Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, published a blog post stating that Ethereum's current state can be described as including a large part of emerging dual staking. There are two types of participants in dual staking: node operators and delegators. However, these two types of staking have two main drawbacks: centralization risk for node operators and no consensus layer burden. Vitalik believes that the problem can be solved by expanding representation and increasing consensus participation. If done well, adjusting the staking design can solve the problem: 1. Provide opportunities for those who do not have the resources or ability to stake alone to participate in staking, thereby giving them more power. 2. Reduce the number of signatures that the Ethereum consensus layer needs to process in each time slot to a smaller number, such as about 10,000. For solutions like this, there are different abstraction layers, and the solution to the problem can exist in these abstraction layers: the power granted to users in the staking pool protocol, the choice of users between staking pool protocols, and the provisions within the protocol. This choice should be carefully considered, minimizing feasible provisions, maximizing the reduction of protocol complexity and the degree of change in protocol economics, while still achieving expected goals, which is usually the best approach.